a guide to Ayutthaya

Since the 14th century, when Ayutthaya became the second capital of Siam (today’s Thailand), Siamese arts and culture accumulated along the Chao Phraya River Valley. With 35 kings and countless battles along its 471 years as the capital, foreign traders knew the ancient city as one of the biggest and most prosperous in the east. Being an important trading port for Southeast Asia, Ayutthaya, a cosmopolitan capital, was culturally diverse. It was home to foreign travelers and traders from around the world like Chinese, Greek, Portuguese, French, Japanese, and Dutch.

Like many ancient cities, Ayutthaya rose and fell. Burmese conquerors sacked the old capital in the 18th century.

Today, Ayutthaya’s archaeological sites make it an unforgettable destination. The historic city of Ayutthaya is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There are ruined palaces and temples, with the best among them being Wat Phra Si Sanphet, Wat Ratchaburana, and Wat Mahathat. The now ruined pagodas were once gilded and glittered as if made of gold. Standing among towering ruined pagodas, you can imagine how the ancient city lured all walks of life to its prosperous land. Merchants, priests, poets, outcasts, soldiers of fortune, and travelers from afar all headed to Ayutthaya.

Ayutthaya also has its share of contemporary history. Bang Pa-In Palace and Wat Niwet Thammaprawat are worth visiting to find a trace of European influence on 19th-century architecture.

Most people take a day trip to Ayutthaya to visit significant landmarks and historical sites. Still, you need two days or even a week to absorb its splendor and beauty. 

With spectacular museums, fine dining restaurants, boutique hotels, ancient pagodas, and fascinating marketplaces, Siam’s old capital has a new life. Ayutthaya steals the hearts of all with its magic and unique charm, the same way it did 500 years ago.

Getting there

Ayutthaya is about 80 kilometers north of Bangkok and is accessible via expressways, waterways, and railway.

Mini-buses travel daily from Bangkok Bus Terminal (Mo Chit 2) to Ayutthaya.

The train is the cheapest and most scenic way to travel from Bangkok to Ayutthaya. Several trains head out daily from the Bangkok railway station (Hualamphong) and stop at the Ayutthaya railway station. The trip is about an hour and a half to two hours, depending on the service type.

Cruises running up the Chao Phraya River from Bangkok to Ayutthaya often stop at Bang Pa-In and historic temples along the way. Travelers need to book in advance as there are no scheduled services.

Tuk-tuks, motorcycle taxis, boats, songthaew pickups, and local buses move people around Ayutthaya and beyond for fixed and negotiated prices. Bicycles are ideal for wandering around the historical park and temples.

Things To Do in Ayutthaya

Picturesque Wat Phra Si Sanphet

At this fascinating ruined temple in Ayutthaya’s historical city, three towering pagodas stand side by side in a row to frame Ayutthaya’s most picturesque view. The temple was built in 1448 and established on the ground of the old royal palace. It became the model for the Grand Palace and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, founded almost 350 years later in Bangkok. Three towering stupas were established at different times to contain the ashes of the kings. This temple enshrined a 16-meter-high Phra Si Sanphet Buddha in standing posture and covered it with at least 143 kilograms of gold. The Burmese conquerors attacked and brought Ayutthaya to the ground in 1767. The inhabitants had to abandon the burned down city. The holy temple of three pagodas is a testimony to Ayutthaya’s wealth and wisdom.

Wat Phra Si Sanphet, the northern end of Si Sanphet Road, Ayutthaya
Opening Hours: 8am-6.30pm
Admission Fee: 50 Baht

Treasures Rediscovered at Wat Ratchaburana

In 1424, the historic temple was built on two Ayutthaya princes’ cremation ground—both died in their duel for their dying father’s throne. The biggest draw to Wat Ratchaburana is not Ayutthaya’s brother against brother battle, but the treasures buried in the crypt under the gigantic pagoda. In 1957, treasure hunters broke into the tomb and looted various gold artifacts. One of the thieves, wearing a gold crown and wielding a gold sword, was caught at Ayutthaya’s local market. According to the Fine Arts Department records, the crypt of Wat Ratchaburana contained around 100 kilograms of gold artifacts in various forms: royal regalia, the gold stupa, and Buddha images. Unfortunately, the officers could retrieve less than 20 percent of the stolen items. Many of the retrieved artifacts are now on display in Chao Sam Phraya National Museum. With Indiana Jones and Holy Grail in mind, visitors may follow the narrow stone path to the crypt.

Wat Ratchaburana (3 minutes walk from Wat Mahathat), Chikun Road, Ayutthaya
Opening Hours: 8am-6.30pm
Admission Fee: 50 Baht

Monumental Wat Mahathat

The sandstone Buddha head entwined by the tangled roots of a bodhi tree at Wat Mahathat is undoubtedly the most photographed attraction in Ayutthaya. The famous shot showing the gigantic bodhi tree suggests that Wat Mahathat was one of the oldest and most important Buddhist temples in its era. Established in 1374, the temple had been the seat of the Supreme Patriarch (head of Buddhist monks in Thailand) for centuries. It was built in Khmer style with laterite structures (instead of sandstone) and bricks, enhanced with stucco. It’s well worth walking around the central stupa, which once stood 43 meters high. The temple’s northwestern pagoda is one of the few structures still containing mural paintings from the early Ayutthaya period. 

Wat Mahathat, Chikun Road, Ayutthaya
Opening Hours: 8am-6.30pm
Admission Fee: Bt50

Artifacts Abound at Chao Sam Phraya National Museum

Built from donations and funds from those buying votive tablets excavated from Wat Ratchaburana, Chao Sam Phraya National Museum gives visitors a glimpse of Ayutthaya’s rich history. Treasures like royal gold and Buddha images from the crypts under Wat Ratchaburana and Wat Mahathat are on display. The exhibition highlights are Ayutthaya gold artifacts, such as a golden royal elephant studded with gems, a gold sword, royal insignia, and headgear. Beautiful wood-crafted temple doors and Buddha statues—some dating back to the 7th century—are also on display.

Opening Hours: Open (9am-4pm) from Tuesday to Sunday
Admission Fee: 150 Baht
Telephone: +6635 241 587

Ayutthaya by the Rivers

Three rivers—the Lop Buri River, the Pasak River, and the Chao Phraya River—surround the historic city of Ayutthaya. Geographically speaking, the city remains very much the same as what the ancient capital was in the 14th century. The best way to make sense of the city is by taking a slow boat around the island.

Starting as a local pier at Wat Phanan Choeng—the Temple of Big Buddha—the slow boat travels upstream along Ayutthaya’s eastern side. As the boat leaves the city behind, scenes of the riverside roll in like a slideshow: Buddhist temples, traditional Thai houses, time-worn wooden houses, a half-sunk rice barge, and villagers on small sampans.

On the far east of the island, the boat meanders past the Royal Elephant Kraal Village, an elephant care center. In the past, the animals played essential roles as war elephants. Now in Ayutthaya’s peaceful corner, the giant creatures do not have to go to any battlefield. Every evening, they take turns bathing in the river. Watching the docile giants roll around in the shallow water is a beautiful moment.

From the Pasak River, the boat heads out to the northern part of the island and descends to the Lop Buri River. This waterway winds past the Royal Palace ruins, the historic temple of Wat Cheong Tha, and destroyed stupas.

The Lop Buri River joins the Chao Phraya River on the western side of the island. From the west side, the majestic Chao Phraya River runs past the ruins of Wat Chaiwatthanaram. From the boat, you can soak up views of the sunset over the magnificent historic temple.

Cruising around the Ayuthaya island is like stepping back in time. 

Visitors can see historic Buddhist temples, a Roman Catholic church, Muslim mosques, and villages float by. You can’t miss the bright yellow St. Joseph’s Church, even from a cruising boat. Founded in the late 17th century, St. Joseph’s Church was the center of the French Catholic missionary until the ancient Siamese capital’s sacking.

Boating is one of the most enjoyable ways to explore Ayutthaya. Each bend of the river brings a new surprise, including the ancient port of Pom Phetch Fort, where the trip comes to an end. The fort is tucked away on the southern-most side and was Ayutthaya island’s first line of defense. This southern outpost is also the Chakri dynasty’s birthplace, a current ruling royal house of Thailand. Before the fall of Ayutthaya, the Chakri dynasty founder—King Rama I—was born and raised here.

where to go

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